Complete Guide to Wedge Gaskets
Complete guide to wedge gaskets for glazing and weather sealing applications.
Key Takeaways
Complete guide to wedge gaskets for glazing and weather sealing applications.
In This Guide
Complete Guide to Wedge Gaskets
Wedge gaskets are a small but crucial component in modern double-glazed windows and doors. They form a tight seal between the glass unit and the frame, helping to keep warm air in, draughts and rain out, and your glazing secure and stable in the sash.
Whether you are a trade installer, maintenance contractor, or a DIY homeowner repairing your own windows, choosing and fitting the correct wedge gasket (also known as a window wedge seal or glazing gasket) is essential for achieving long-lasting performance that meets UK expectations for weather resistance and energy efficiency.
This guide from Window Hardware Store will walk you through the key points you need to know, from gasket profiles and measurement to replacement and installation, with practical advice gathered from the UK glazing trade.
For a quick look at available sizes and profiles, you can browse our full wedge gaskets category at any time.
1. Wedge gasket profiles
1.1 What is a wedge gasket?
A wedge gasket is a compressible strip, usually made from EPDM or TPE rubber, that is pushed between the glass unit and the window or door frame to create a secure, weather-tight seal. It is widely used in uPVC and aluminium systems with externally or internally beaded glazing.
The gasket is called a “wedge” because its cross-section is typically triangular or tapered. When it is pushed into the glazing pocket, it wedges the glass firmly against the opposite side of the frame and against the glazing beads. This:
In many window and door systems, the wedge gasket works in combination with other seals (such as bubble gaskets or brush seals) to achieve overall compliance with standards like BS 6375 (Performance of windows and doors) and BS EN 14351-1 (Windows and doors – Product standard).
1.2 Typical applications in UK windows and doors
Wedge gaskets are most commonly found in:
Many of the window systems installed across the UK by fabricators working with Yale, ERA, Mila, Avocet and other hardware brands use wedge gaskets as standard in their sash and frame designs.
1.3 Cross-section shapes and profiles
Although they all perform a similar function, wedge gaskets come in a wide variety of profiles. The most common cross-section features include:
Some popular profile types include:
1.3.1 Standard triangular wedge gasket
This is the classic profile found in many uPVC systems. It has:
These gaskets are commonly used in white or black EPDM and are available in many different sizes to suit various profile systems. A typical example in our range would be a standard EPDM wedge gasket 3mm–6mm suitable for common 24mm double-glazed units.
1.3.2 Double-barb wedge gasket
Some modern uPVC and aluminium systems use wedge gaskets with two barbs for increased grip in the frame. The double barbs help prevent the gasket working loose over time, especially in larger sashes or high-traffic door sets.
Double-barb designs are frequently used in commercial aluminium glazing where higher wind loads and more demanding performance requirements apply under BS 6375 and local building exposure conditions.
1.3.3 Hollow wedge gasket
In some profiles, the wedge head has a hollow core. This creates a softer, more compressible seal which can be helpful where:
Hollow wedge gaskets can offer better long-term compression set resistance, maintaining a more consistent seal even after years of opening and closing.
1.3.4 Co-extruded wedge gasket
Co-extruded wedge gaskets combine two different materials in one profile, such as:
This design helps with both secure retention and effective sealing, and is often used in premium systems where acoustic or thermal performance is a priority.
1.4 Materials: EPDM vs TPE and others
The material of the wedge gasket is just as important as its profile. Most modern gaskets are made from:
1.4.1 EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer)
EPDM is the most widely used material for glazing gaskets in the UK because it offers:
EPDM gaskets are commonly used in uPVC and aluminium windows and doors that need to maintain a reliable weather seal over many years, in line with the expectations of BS EN 14351-1.
1.4.2 TPE (Thermoplastic Elastomer)
TPE gaskets are also popular, particularly in more complex co-extruded profiles. Their advantages include:
Some TPE compounds may not be as durable as high-grade EPDM in harsh conditions, so it is important to source from reputable suppliers and match replacements to the original specification where possible.
1.4.3 Other materials
Although less common in standard residential windows, other materials can occasionally be found:
When replacing gaskets in existing installations, it is generally advisable to select modern EPDM or high-quality TPE replacements from ranges such as our EPDM wedge gaskets to improve longevity and performance.
1.5 Colours and aesthetic considerations
Most UK window and door wedge gaskets are either:
On externally beaded windows, the gasket may be slightly visible from the outside, so colour choice can impact the overall appearance of the install. Black EPDM remains the standard choice for durability and UV resistance.
1.6 System-specific and universal gaskets
Many original fabricators use system-specific gaskets designed to match a particular uPVC or aluminium profile system. Over time, these can be superseded, re-designed, or discontinued. For replacement work you will often choose between:
Professional installers will often keep a stock of the most common “universal” wedge gaskets that suit multiple frame types, as well as a selection of system-specific profiles for regular customers or housing associations.
2. When to replace
2.1 Typical gasket lifespan
In the UK climate, a good-quality EPDM wedge gasket can reasonably be expected to last 15–25 years, depending on exposure. Factors that shorten gasket life include:
Once a gasket has lost its elasticity or shape, it cannot provide a reliable seal and should be replaced to maintain performance and comfort in the property.
2.2 Visible signs that a wedge gasket needs replacing
Check your existing wedge gaskets for the following signs of deterioration:
Any of these issues can undermine the seal and indicate it is time to replace the gasket with a new profile from our replacement wedge gasket range.
2.3 Performance symptoms: draughts, leaks and noise
You may also notice performance-related symptoms such as:
Before assuming the double-glazed unit itself has failed, inspect the wedge gasket and other seals. In many cases, renewing the gaskets restores the original performance without the cost of a new glass unit.
2.4 Safety and security considerations
Wedge gaskets also contribute to security by helping to clamp the glass in place. On modern uPVC windows with multi-point locks (from brands like Yale, ERA, Mila, and Avocet), the combination of secure glazing and locking is key to meeting current expectations under Approved Document Q (Security) where it applies to new dwellings.
Signs of concern include:
In older installations, renewing the wedge gasket can make the glazing more resistant to attack, especially when combined with appropriate glazing packers and secure beads.
2.5 Compliance and building performance
Although there is no requirement in Building Regulations to replace gaskets at a fixed interval, the overall performance of windows and doors is covered in several Approved Documents (notably Part L – Conservation of fuel and power, and Part F – Ventilation). Poorly sealing windows and doors can contribute to excessive heat loss and air leakage, undermining the intended performance of the building fabric.
For landlords, local authorities, and social housing providers, keeping gasket seals in good condition is an important part of meeting obligations under the Homes (Fitness for Human Habitation) Act and maintaining EPC ratings. Routine inspection and targeted replacement of failing wedge gaskets can be a cost-effective maintenance strategy.
2.6 DIY vs professional: when to call an installer
Replacing wedge gaskets is often within the capability of a competent DIYer, especially on standard uPVC windows at ground floor level. However, you should consider using a professional glazing installer when:
A professional will have appropriate tools, glazing suckers, knowledge of BS 8213-4 (relevant guidance on the survey and installation of windows and doorsets) and experience to avoid damaging frames or glass while replacing gaskets.
3. Measuring tips
3.1 Why accurate measurement matters
Getting the right size and profile for a wedge gasket is critical. If the gasket is too small, it won’t seal properly. If it is too large, it may be impossible to fit or may bow the glass and stress the unit. Taking a few careful measurements will help you identify a compatible replacement from our wedge gasket range.
3.2 Tools you will find useful
For accurate measuring, we recommend:
3.3 Remove a sample of the existing gasket
To measure correctly, remove a short length (around 100–150mm) of the old wedge gasket from an accessible area:
Keep the sample piece safe – you can compare it directly with product images and profile drawings when selecting a replacement.
3.4 Key dimensions to measure
There are four main measurements to consider when matching a wedge gasket:
3.4.1 Overall height of the wedge
This is the distance from the base (that sits in the frame) to the highest point of the wedge that contacts the glass.
This height roughly corresponds to how much the gasket will “wedge” the glass towards the beads. A typical uPVC window might use wedge gaskets between about 5mm and 10mm high, depending on frame system and glass thickness (e.g. 24mm, 28mm, 32mm units).
3.4.2 Base width (foot width)
This is the width of the part of the gasket that sits in the groove, excluding any barbs.
If the base is too wide, the gasket will be difficult or impossible to insert properly.
3.4.3 Barb width and shape
The barb is the small protrusion that locks into the groove. Measure:
Barb size must match the frame groove so it can grip without tearing or becoming loose. Our product listings for replacement wedge gaskets show clear section drawings with barb dimensions to help you compare.
3.4.4 Angle or radius of the wedge face
While harder to quantify with basic tools, it helps to note:
Matching the general shape will improve fit and seal against the glass.
3.5 Measuring the frame groove and glass clearance
If the old gasket is missing, badly distorted, or clearly not original, you may need to measure the frame directly.
3.5.1 Groove width (kerf width)
3.5.2 Gap between glass and frame
The wedge gasket must fill the gap between the edge of the glass unit and the frame wall opposite the beads:
For a typical 24mm double-glazed unit in a uPVC frame, you might expect a clearance of around 6–9mm depending on profile design.
3.6 Accounting for compression and tolerance
Wedge gaskets are designed to compress slightly when installed. To ensure a good seal:
UK glazing systems are typically designed to accommodate manufacturing tolerances in glass thickness and frame dimensions. Using a high-quality, appropriately sized wedge gasket ensures those tolerances are taken up correctly without overstressing the glass unit or frame.
3.7 Using sample packs and profile matching services
If you maintain multiple properties or are a trade installer, it may be worthwhile to keep a small “sample board” of different wedge gasket profiles and sizes. Alternatively, you can:
Window Hardware Store can assist by providing detailed dimensioned drawings on product pages and offering sample lengths of commonly used glazing gaskets for trial fitting.
4. Installation guide
4.1 General safety and preparation
Before you start replacing wedge gaskets, take time to prepare and work safely:
On fire doors or fire-resisting screens, do not alter glazing details (including gaskets and seals) without referring to the original test evidence and manufacturer’s instructions, as this could compromise fire performance.
4.2 Removing beads and existing wedge gaskets
4.2.1 Bead removal
In many uPVC windows and doors, the wedge gasket is on the opposite side of the glass from the beads. The sequence depends on whether the window is internally or externally beaded:
To remove the beads:
Beads can be brittle, particularly on older uPVC. Avoid using metal tools directly against visible surfaces to prevent damage.
4.2.2 Removing the old wedge gasket
Once the beads are off and the glass is supported on packers, remove the old gasket:
Clean the groove with a damp cloth to remove dirt and ensure smooth insertion of the new gasket.
4.3 Checking and adjusting glazing packers
Before fitting the new wedge gasket, check the glazing packers supporting the unit:
Incorrect or missing packers can lead to glass movement, poor operation of hinges and locks (including Yale, ERA, Mila and Avocet systems), and stress on the sealed unit. Rectify packer positions before fitting the gasket.
4.4 Cutting and preparing the new wedge gasket
Measure each side of the glass opening to cut lengths of gasket:
Do not stretch the gasket when cutting; keep it in its natural, relaxed state.
4.5 Fitting sequence: where to start
The fitting sequence can affect how evenly the glass is wedged. A common and effective method is:
On tall windows or doors, it is sometimes beneficial to fit the top first, then sides, then bottom, depending on the original system design. When in doubt, mirror the original factory sequence if you noted it during removal.
4.6 Inserting the gasket into the groove
To insert the wedge gasket:
Some installers use a small amount of silicone-free glazing lubricant or a mild soap solution to reduce friction when fitting, especially on long runs. Avoid petroleum-based products, which can attack rubber compounds.
4.7 Achieving correct compression
As you fit the gasket, watch for signs of correct compression:
If the gasket feels excessively tight, double-check that:
If the gasket is clearly too loose even when fully inserted, you may need a slightly larger profile from our wedge gasket selection.
4.8 Refitting glazing beads
Once the gasket is in place and you are satisfied with the fit:
Check that the beads sit flush all the way along. If a bead will not fully engage, do not force it excessively; instead, investigate:
4.9 Final checks and adjustments
After fitting the beads:
On a windy day, you can run your hand around the internal edge of the glass to feel for draughts. Alternatively, a smoke pencil or a thin piece of tissue can help detect air movement around the gasket area.
4.10 Common installation problems and solutions
4.10.1 Gasket keeps popping out of groove
4.10.2 Glass bows or distorts after fitting
4.10.3 Persistent draughts after replacement
4.10.4 Difficult to refit beads
5. Comparing gasket types
5.1 Wedge gaskets vs other glazing gaskets
In modern UK windows and doors, wedge gaskets are just one part of the overall sealing system. It helps to understand how they compare with other common gasket types.
5.1.1 Wedge gasket (glazing wedge)
Wedge gaskets are primarily responsible for holding the glass firmly in place and closing the gap between the unit and frame.
5.1.2 Bubble gasket
Bubble gaskets are soft, tubular seals that compress when the sash is closed. They prevent draughts and water ingress around the moving part of the window, not the glass perimeter. You can explore options in our dedicated range of bubble and flipper seals (for example, via related categories to our wedge gasket products).
5.1.3 Flipper / fin gasket
Flipper gaskets provide good sealing with relatively low closing force, which can be important for large sashes or for compliance with accessibility requirements in Approved Document M (e.g. for ease of operation).
5.1.4 Brush / pile seals
Brush seals are not generally used for glazing retention, but work alongside wedge gaskets in some door systems to provide complete weatherstripping.
5.2 Material performance comparison
5.2.1 EPDM vs TPE wedge gaskets
When choosing between EPDM and TPE wedge gaskets, consider:
For most UK applications where longevity and low maintenance are priorities, EPDM remains the preferred option, especially for replacement work where you want a “fit and forget” solution.
5.2.2 Solid vs hollow and co-extruded designs
For retrofits, a solid EPDM wedge gasket is usually sufficient. For new builds aiming for low U-values and good acoustic performance (e.g. in urban locations), system-specific co-extruded gaskets may be part of a tested package.
5.3 Application-specific considerations
5.3.1 Residential uPVC windows
In typical UK uPVC casement windows, the glazing system is designed around a specific wedge gasket profile. When replacing:
Well-chosen wedge gaskets can significantly improve draught-proofing and customer comfort, particularly in older installations.
5.3.2 Aluminium windows and doors
Aluminium systems often have more complex glazing details and can be more sensitive to gasket choice:
When in doubt, refer to the original system manufacturer’s literature and choose a profile that closely matches both shape and material performance.
5.3.3 Doors and high-use openings
In residential entrance doors, French doors, and patio doors, wedge gaskets are subject to greater movement and potential abuse:
For heavily used commercial doors, consider the duty cycle and maintenance intervals – higher-grade gaskets may pay for themselves in reduced call-backs and better in-service performance.
5.4 Cost vs performance
Wedge gaskets are relatively low-cost compared to the price of new windows or glass units, but the choice of profile can have a disproportionate impact on performance and customer satisfaction:
For trade installers, specifying quality wedge gaskets from the outset supports compliance with UK performance standards and reduces warranty issues. DIY customers benefit from longer-lasting repairs and improved comfort. Window Hardware Store’s curated range of glazing wedge gaskets is selected with these considerations in mind.
5.5 Related products and complete refurbishment
When renewing wedge gaskets, it is often a good opportunity to consider other components in the same window or door set:
By combining high-quality wedge gaskets such as our black EPDM wedge glazing seal with upgraded hardware and seals, you can significantly improve the overall performance and lifespan of existing windows and doors without full replacement.
For further assistance, detailed product drawings, and trade pricing, visit the wedge gasket section of Window Hardware Store and explore compatible glazing gaskets, packers, and accessories tailored to UK window and door systems.
Wedge Gaskets & Seals
Articles covering wedge gasket replacement, sizing, and installation for double glazed windows.
Shop Wedge Gasket
Browse our full range of wedge gasket products with trade pricing and fast UK delivery.
View products